PAT甲级 1055.The World's Richest (25 分)

Forbes magazine publishes every year its list of billionaires based on the annual ranking of the world’s wealthiest people. Now you are supposed to simulate this job, but concentrate only on the people in a certain range of ages. That is, given the net worths of Npeople, you must find the M richest people in a given range of their ages.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 2 positive integers: N (≤10^5) - the total number of people, and K (≤10^3) - the number of queries. Then N lines follow, each contains the name (string of no more than 8 characters without space), age (integer in (0, 200]), and the net worth (integer in [−10^6,10^6]) of a person. Finally there are K lines of queries, each contains three positive integers: M (≤100) - the maximum number of outputs, and [Amin, Amax] which are the range of ages. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each query, first print in a line Case #X: where X is the query number starting from 1. Then output the M richest people with their ages in the range [Amin, Amax]. Each person’s information occupies a line, in the format

Name Age Net_Worth

The outputs must be in non-increasing order of the net worths. In case there are equal worths, it must be in non-decreasing order of the ages. If both worths and ages are the same, then the output must be in non-decreasing alphabetical order of the names. It is guaranteed that there is no two persons share all the same of the three pieces of information. In case no one is found, output None.

Sample Input:

12 4
Zoe_Bill 35 2333
Bob_Volk 24 5888
Anny_Cin 95 999999
Williams 30 -22
Cindy 76 76000
Alice 18 88888
Joe_Mike 32 3222
Michael 5 300000
Rosemary 40 5888
Dobby 24 5888
Billy 24 5888
Nobody 5 0
4 15 45
4 30 35
4 5 95
1 45 50

Sample Output:

Case #1:
Alice 18 88888
Billy 24 5888
Bob_Volk 24 5888
Dobby 24 5888
Case #2:
Joe_Mike 32 3222
Zoe_Bill 35 2333
Williams 30 -22
Case #3:
Anny_Cin 95 999999
Michael 5 300000
Alice 18 88888
Cindy 76 76000
Case #4:
None

分析：

题目要求：给定N个人的姓名、年龄以及财富。按照财富递减的顺序排序。

若财富相同，则按照年龄从小到大排序。若年龄也相同，则按照姓名字典序从小到大排序。

然后，进行K次查询，每次查询给定需要输出的个数M、年龄的取值范围[Amin,Amax]，输出满足条件的人的姓名、年龄和财富。若不存在满足条件的人，则输出None。

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

struct People {
	char name[9];
	int age;
	int netWorth;
};

bool cmp(People a, People b) {
	if (a.netWorth != b.netWorth) {
		return a.netWorth > b.netWorth;
	}
	if (a.age != b.age) {
		return a.age < b.age;
	}
	return strcmp(a.name, b.name) < 0;
}

int main() {
	int n, k;
	scanf("%d %d", &n, &k);
	People people[n];
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		scanf("%s %d %d", people[i].name, 
              &people[i].age, &people[i].netWorth);
	}
	int m, min, max;
	sort(people, people + n, cmp);
	for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
		scanf("%d %d %d", &m, &min, &max);
		printf("Case #%d:\n", i + 1);
		int count = 0;
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			if (min <= people[j].age && people[j].age <= max) {
				printf("%s %d %d\n", people[j].name, people[j].age,
						people[j].netWorth);
				count++;
				if (count >= m) {
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		if (count == 0) {
			printf("None\n");
		}
	}
	return 0;
}