从源码安装GCC

本文梳理了从源码安装GCC的流程，回顾了安装过程中遇到的一些问题。

1.下载GCC

1 2	# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.4/gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz [root@hgs ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.4/gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz

2.解压

1 2	[root@hgs ~]# tar -zxf gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz [root@hgs ~]# cd gcc-4.9.4

3.下载必要的依赖

1	[root@hgs gcc-4.9.4]# ./contrib/download_prerequisites

若出现下述问题：

tar (child): bzip2：无法 exec: 没有那个文件或目录
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

则需要安装bzip2：

1 2	# apt-get install -y bzip2 yum install -y bzip2

4.配置GCC

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[root@hgs gcc-4.9.4]# mkdir build
[root@hgs gcc-4.9.4]# cd build/
[root@hgs build]# ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib

5.编译

1	[root@hgs build]# make -j8

在编译的过程中，可能会出现如下问题：

问题一：

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./md-unwind-support.h:65:47: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
       sc = (struct sigcontext *) (void *) &uc_->uc_mcontext;
                                               ^

此时，只需要编辑build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libgcc/md-unwind-support.h，将第61行中的ucontext修改为ucontext_t即可。

[root@hgs build]# vim x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libgcc/md-unwind-support.h

// struct ucontext *uc_ = context->cfa;
struct ucontext_t *uc_ = context->cfa;

6.安装

1	[root@hgs build]# make install

7.查看GCC的安装位置和版本

[root@hgs build]# which gcc
/usr/local/bin/gcc
[root@hgs build]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.9.4
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.